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- VP 334 - General Pathology
- Second Year - First Semester
- H.A. Reynolds (1987)
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- Lecture.
- 1. Introduction.
- A. Definitions.
- B. Homeotasis (physiologic adaptation, functional reserve,
- "domino effect" in organic disease)
- C. The role of the pathologist.
- 2. Cell Injury.
- A. The normal cell; homeostasis and adaptation (volume
- control (membrane permeability, ion pumps), energy
- metabolism (ATP synthesis)).
- B. Pathogenesis of irreversible (lethal) cell injury and
- necrosis.
- C. Biochemical, ionic and ultrastructural changes
- associated with cell injury.
- D. Patterns of injury and necrosis (hypoxia, malnutrition,
- pH and temperature changes, acid-base balance, genetic
- abnormalities).
- E. Consequences and sequelae of cell injury and necrosis
- (regeneration, hypertrophy, hyperplasia, atrophy).
- F. Extracellular deposition of injurious substances
- (amyloid, urates) pathogenesis, significance.
- G. Intracellular and extracellular deposition of pigmented
- substances (pathologic pigmentation)
- H. Dystrophic and metastatic calcification
- (hyperparathyroidism).
- I. Somatic death and post mortem changes.
- 3. Circulatory Disturbances
- A. Hyperemia and congestion.
- B. Edema.
- C. Hemorrhage.
- D. Hemostasis.
- E. Thrombosis (hemodynamic factors, hypercoagulability
- states, thromboembolism)
- 4. The Inflammatory Process.
- A. Overview.
- B. The pathogenesis of circulatory events and permeability
- changes.
- C. Formation of exudate.
- D. The cells of the exudate.
- E. Clinical signs of inflammation.
- F. Mechanism of leukocytosis.
- G. Healing and repair.
- H. Healing of wounds, fractures and transected peripheral
- nerves.
- I. Granulomatous inflammation and infectious granulomas.
- J. Immune mediated injuries to cell and tissues.
- K. Local and systemic reacions in viral infections.
- 5. Developmental and acquired disorders of cell growth.
- (Cause, nature and implications of hypoplasia, agenesis,
- hyperplasia (pathologic and physiologic), metaplasia,
- dysplasia, atrophy (review and amplification),
- hypertrophy)
- A. Neoplasia
- B. Spread of malignant tumors.
- C. Carcinogenesis ( Viral induced tumors in animals,
- effects of tumors on the host, common mesenchymal
- tumors of animals, common epithelial tumors of
- animals)
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- Laboratory Exercises.
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- 1. Introduction.
- 2. The cellular basis of disease.
- 3. Necrosis.
- 4. Common changes in reversible cell injury.
- 5. Cell swelling.
- 6. Intracellular accumulation of neutral fat (fatty change).
- 7. Other lipid accumulations.
- 8. Intracellular accumulation of glycogen.
- 9. Hyalin change.
- 10. Amyloidosis.
- 11. Pathologic pigmentation.
- 12. Anthracosis.
- 13. Melanization.
- 14. Lipofuscin and ceroid deposits.
- 15. Deposition of hemoglobin-derived pigments in tissues.
- 16. Hemosiderosis.
- 17. Deposition of bilibrubin in tissues (icterus or jaundice).
- 18. Pathologic calcification (mineralization).
- 19. Coagulation necrosis.
- 20. Liquefaction necrosis.
- 21. Caseous necrosis.
- 22. Enzymatic (fat) necrosis.
- 23. "Selective" necrosis.
- 24. Gangrene and gangrenous necrosis.
- 25. Atrophy.
- 26. Postmortem changes.
- 27. Circulatory disorders.
- 28. Hyperemia.
- 29. Congestion.
- 30. Edema.
- 31. Hemorrhage.
- 32. Thrombosis and thromboembolism.
- 33. The inflammatory response.
- 34. Granulomatous inflammation and infectious granulomas.
- 35. Lesions associated with viral infections.
- 36. Immunopathologic injuries and inflammation.
- 37. The humoral response.
- 38. The cell-mediated response.
- 39. Diseases caused by hypersensitivity.
- 40. Disturbances of growth (hyperplasia, metaplasia, dysplasia, neoplasia).
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